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Make Your Own Medicine

The DIY Apothecary

Traditional recipes for the seven foundational preparations of home herbal medicine. Once you've made these, almost any herb in the field guide becomes a remedy you can prepare yourself.

Herbal Tincture

Beginner

The traditional alcohol-extracted herbal medicine — concentrated, shelf-stable for years, and the workhorse of every home apothecary.

Time: 15 min hands-on · 4–6 weeks to mature
Yields: ~250 ml

You'll need

  • 1 part dried herb (or 2 parts fresh herb), finely chopped
  • 5 parts 40–50% vodka or brandy (for dried) or 95% alcohol (for fresh)
  • A clean glass jar with tight-fitting lid
  • Cheesecloth or muslin + a dark glass dropper bottle for storage

Method

  1. Place chopped herb in the jar — it should fill about ⅓ to ½ of the jar.
  2. Pour alcohol over the herb until fully submerged with 2–3 cm of liquid on top.
  3. Seal tightly, label with herb + date, and store in a cool dark cupboard.
  4. Shake daily (or as often as you remember) for 4–6 weeks.
  5. Strain through cheesecloth, squeezing every drop out of the marc.
  6. Transfer to a dark dropper bottle. Stores for 3–5+ years.
Notes & dosing. Typical dose: 1–3 ml (30–90 drops) up to 3× daily, depending on the herb. Skip alcohol? Use food-grade vegetable glycerin (60% glycerin / 40% water) instead — slightly weaker but kid-friendly.

Herb-Infused Oil

Beginner

The base for salves and balms — slowly extracts the fat-soluble medicinal compounds of an herb into a carrier oil.

Time: 15 min hands-on · 2–6 weeks to infuse (or 2 hours quick method)
Yields: ~250 ml

You'll need

  • 1 cup dried herb (calendula, plantain, comfrey, St John's wort, arnica…)
  • 2 cups olive, almond, jojoba, or coconut oil
  • Clean glass jar
  • Cheesecloth + dark glass bottle

Method

  1. Slow method: pack jar ⅔ full with dried herb, cover with oil, leave on a sunny windowsill 2–6 weeks, shaking often.
  2. Quick method: combine herb + oil in a double boiler over very low heat (~50°C) for 2–4 hours, never simmering.
  3. Strain through cheesecloth into a clean jar or bottle.
  4. Label and store in a cool, dark place. Use within 12 months.
Notes & dosing. Only use thoroughly dried herbs to prevent mould. Fresh herbs in oil = botulism risk. St John's wort is the exception (traditionally infused fresh for its red ruby colour).

Healing Salve / Balm

Beginner

Turn an infused oil into a portable balm for cuts, dry skin, lips, bug bites, and sore muscles.

Time: 20 min
Yields: ~120 ml (about 4 small tins)

You'll need

  • 120 ml herb-infused oil (calendula + plantain is a classic 'first-aid' blend)
  • 15 g beeswax pastilles (about 2 tbsp)
  • Optional: 10–20 drops essential oil (lavender, tea tree)
  • Optional: 1 vitamin E capsule (natural preservative)
  • Small tins or glass jars

Method

  1. Gently melt the beeswax in a double boiler.
  2. Add the infused oil and stir until fully combined and liquid.
  3. Remove from heat, stir in essential oil and vitamin E if using.
  4. Pour immediately into tins and leave undisturbed to set (15–20 minutes).
  5. Lid, label, and store in a cool place. Shelf life: ~1 year.
Notes & dosing. For a firmer balm, add a little more beeswax; for a softer salve, less. Test consistency by dipping a cold spoon into the mix — it sets in seconds.

Decoction (Strong Root & Bark Tea)

Beginner

An infusion isn't enough for tough plant parts. Decoctions simmer the medicine out of roots, barks, mushrooms, and berries.

Time: 30–45 min
Yields: ~500 ml

You'll need

  • 1 tbsp dried root, bark, mushroom, or berry (burdock, dandelion, reishi, ginger, cinnamon, astragalus…)
  • 750 ml cold water
  • Small saucepan with lid

Method

  1. Combine herb and cold water in the saucepan.
  2. Bring to a gentle simmer (not a rolling boil), cover, and simmer 20–40 minutes.
  3. Strain. Drink warm, 1 cup 1–3× daily.
Notes & dosing. Keep refrigerated for up to 3 days. Reishi and astragalus benefit from longer simmering (1–2 hours). To preserve longer, mix 50/50 with vodka after straining — a 'glycerite-style' shelf-stable decoction.

Elderberry Syrup

Beginner

The traditional cold and flu syrup — sweet enough that children take it willingly, and one of the most-researched immune supports.

Time: 45 min
Yields: ~500 ml

You'll need

  • 1 cup dried elderberries (or 2 cups fresh)
  • 3 cups water
  • 1 cinnamon stick
  • 3 cloves
  • 1 tsp grated fresh ginger
  • 1 cup raw honey (add AFTER cooling — never to children under 1)

Method

  1. Combine elderberries, water, cinnamon, cloves, and ginger in a saucepan.
  2. Bring to a gentle simmer, cover, and simmer 30–45 minutes until the liquid is reduced by about half.
  3. Mash the berries, then strain through fine cheesecloth, squeezing out as much liquid as possible.
  4. Let cool until just warm (not hot — heat destroys honey enzymes), then stir in raw honey.
  5. Bottle in a sterilised glass bottle. Refrigerate.
Notes & dosing. Dose: 1 tsp daily for prevention, 1 tsp every 2–3 hours during active illness. Keeps 2–3 months in the fridge. Never give honey to infants under 12 months — use maple syrup or vegetable glycerin instead.

Fire Cider

Intermediate

A fiery vinegar tonic of garlic, onion, horseradish, ginger, turmeric, citrus, and chilli. Pure liquid immune defence.

Time: 20 min hands-on · 4 weeks to mature
Yields: ~750 ml

You'll need

  • ½ cup grated fresh horseradish root
  • ½ cup chopped onion
  • ¼ cup chopped garlic
  • ¼ cup grated fresh ginger
  • 2 tbsp grated fresh turmeric (or 1 tbsp dried)
  • 1 lemon, sliced
  • 1–2 fresh chillies (cayenne, jalapeño…), chopped
  • A few sprigs of rosemary and/or thyme
  • Raw unfiltered apple cider vinegar to cover
  • ¼ cup raw honey (added after straining)

Method

  1. Pack all chopped ingredients into a large clean glass jar.
  2. Pour raw ACV over everything to cover by 2–3 cm. Cap with a non-metallic lid (vinegar corrodes metal — use parchment paper between jar and metal lid if needed).
  3. Shake daily and let infuse in a cool dark place for 4 weeks.
  4. Strain, pressing to extract every drop. Stir in raw honey to taste.
  5. Bottle and refrigerate. Keeps 6–12 months.
Notes & dosing. Dose: 1 tbsp daily as a tonic, or 1 tbsp every few hours at the first sign of a cold. Take straight, in warm water with extra honey, or mixed into salad dressings.

Oxymel (Honey + Vinegar Infusion)

Beginner

An ancient Greek preparation — gentler than fire cider, perfect for sore throats and respiratory herbs like thyme, sage, and elecampane.

Time: 10 min hands-on · 2–4 weeks to mature
Yields: ~500 ml

You'll need

  • 1 part dried herb (thyme, sage, elderberry, hyssop, oregano…)
  • 1 part raw honey
  • 1 part raw apple cider vinegar
  • Glass jar with non-metallic lid

Method

  1. Fill a jar ⅓ full with the dried herb.
  2. Pour over equal parts honey and vinegar until fully covered.
  3. Stir well, cap, and infuse in a cool dark place 2–4 weeks, shaking often.
  4. Strain into a clean bottle. Refrigerate.
Notes & dosing. Dose: 1 tsp – 1 tbsp as needed for sore throats, coughs, or as a daily tonic. Keeps 6+ months refrigerated. A thyme + sage + elderberry oxymel is a beautiful winter respiratory ally.
A note of caution. Sterilise jars, label everything with the date, and source herbs from reputable suppliers. Some herbs are contraindicated in pregnancy, with medications, or for young children — cross-check each ingredient against the relevant remedy page before preparing.